Here's a new study which claims that religion actually reduces homophobia. Huh? That's a pretty daring conclusion - especially given that there were two studies earlier this year that found just the opposite (What's the connection between religion and homophobia?).
Here's what the study authors conclude:
...endorsement of orthodox Christian beliefs was related to positive attitudes toward
homosexuals as individuals or as a group, but not toward homosexuality as a behavior or lifestyle.
But in fact that's not quite what the study showed. In fact, orthodox Christian beliefs were highly correlated with both kinds of homophobia. But the Christians who were homophobic also tended to be right-wing authoritarians. It's only when you statistically manipulate the data to strip out this effect that you see a positive effect of Christianity.
In other words, what this study shows is that Christian beliefs might reduce homophobia, if it weren't for the fact that so many Christians are right-wing authoritarians. It's a bit like arguing that Christians don't really support torture, it's just that many of them happen to be neo-fascists!
However, the reality is that many Christians are authoritarian. Is this a coincidence, or a consequence of Christianity. The difference is very important. If it's a coincidence, then Christianity might be a way to reduce homophobia.
But if Christianity bolsters right-wing authoritarian views, then spreading Christianity will increase homophobia.
And it's more complicated even than that. This study measured religion by giving the subjects a test on orthodox Christian beliefs. In other words, people who scored highly were fairly sophisticated Christians - quite untypical of the common herd.
One of the studies published earlier this year took a look at the link between religion in general and homophobia. It found that, even after adjusting for right-wing authoritarianism, there was still a connection to religiosity.
The take home from all this? I guess it's that the relationship between religion and homophobia is complex and can work both ways. But attributing the link to authoritarianism is not explaining it. It's 'explaining it away.
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Ford, T., Brignall, T., VanValey, T., & Macaluso, M. (2009). The Unmaking of Prejudice: How Christian Beliefs Relate to Attitudes Toward Homosexuals Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48 (1), 146-160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01434.x
This work by Tom Rees is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.
4 comments:
Well done, great critique.
One of my lesbian colleagues was rightfully ranting against religious people and their homophobia, I depressed her by telling her, "I have bad news for you, it is worse than you think. Stalin, Nazis, Mao and many others persecuted homosexuals too and without religion as their tool. Homo-Hate is deeper ingrained in human behavior than you imagine. You need to broaden your focus, it is not just the religious folks."
What most annoying about that study is that other researchers have already done that very same analysis (i.e. this study didn't demonstrate anything new). As others have pointed out many a times before RWA is almost always a mediator - a very unfortunate mediator.
Though, the statistical independence does suggest that it could be possible to have religion without sexual prejudice. The consistent correlations just suggest that it is rare.
I guess one interesting avenue for research is to try to understand just how much overlap there is between the two, and whether it varies among cultures.
In a new study, Gordon Hodson and colleagues have tested the effectiveness of an unusual alien-themed intervention for reducing homophobia that involves participants taking the perspective of a homosexual person, without really realising that that is what they're doing.
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